What Causes Lower Abdominal Pain in Women?

Many women experience lower abdominal pain during certain phases of the menstrual cycle, particularly around ovulation and menstruation. At Columbia Clinic Urgent Care, we frequently see patients who are concerned about these symptoms and are here to help you understand what is normal and when you should seek medical attention.

Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz): Ovulation typically occurs midway through a menstrual cycle, when an ovary releases an egg. Some women feel a distinct one-sided lower abdominal pain known as “mittelschmerz,” which is German for “middle pain.” This discomfort may last from a few minutes to a few hours and is usually harmless, resulting from the natural processes taking place in the ovaries.

Menstrual Cramps: Menstrual pain occurs when the uterus contracts to shed its lining. These cramps, triggered by prostaglandins (hormone like substances), can cause mild to severe discomfort in the lower abdomen, lower back, or even the thighs.

When to Seek Care: While ovulation and menstrual pain are often a normal part of the menstrual cycle, you should visit Columbia Clinic Urgent Care if you experience:
● Severe or persistent pain
● Pain accompanied by fever
● Heavy menstrual bleeding
● Nausea, vomiting, or gastrointestinal symptoms

These signs could indicate underlying conditions like endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or pelvic inflammatory disease, which require medical evaluation.

Normal menstrual cramps, also known as primary dysmenorrhea, are a common experience for many individuals. These cramps are typically caused by the natural contractions of the uterus during menstruation and usually begin a day or two before a period starts, lasting for two to three days. The pain is often mild to moderate, felt as a dull ache or throbbing sensation in the lower abdomen, and may sometimes radiate to the lower back or thighs. Most people can manage these symptoms with over-the-counter pain relievers, heat therapy, or rest, and find that their daily activities are not significantly affected.

However, if you experience menstrual pain that is unusually severe, persists longer than usual, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as heavy bleeding, pain during intercourse, or chronic pelvic pain, there could be an underlying condition such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids. This type of pain, known as secondary dysmenorrhea, can be intense, sharp, or stabbing, and may not improve with typical home remedies. Additional symptoms like pelvic pressure, pain with bowel movements, or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen can also indicate a more serious issue.

We understand how disruptive menstrual pain can be. Our experienced medical team is here to help you identify the cause of your symptoms and provide prompt, effective treatment. If your cramps are interfering with your daily life, if you notice a sudden change in your menstrual pattern, or if your pain is not relieved with over-the-counter medications, don’t hesitate to visit us for a thorough evaluation. Our urgent care clinics offer convenient walk-in appointments, compassionate care, and access to diagnostic testing to help you get the answers and relief you need.

We frequently see patients experiencing abdominal pain or discomfort caused by common digestive issues such as gas, indigestion, and constipation. For example, gas can trigger sharp or cramping pains as it moves through the intestines, often leading to bloating or a feeling of fullness. Indigestion—also known as dyspepsia—can result in a burning sensation, pressure, or pain in the upper abdomen, especially after eating certain foods or eating too quickly. Constipation is another frequent cause and can lead to significant cramping or aching, especially when bowel movements are infrequent or difficult.

While these conditions are generally not serious and may improve with dietary changes, increased hydration, or over-the-counter remedies, some symptoms may indicate a more serious problem. If you experience severe, persistent abdominal pain or if your discomfort is accompanied by warning signs such as vomiting, blood in the stool, unexplained weight loss, or fever, it’s important to seek prompt medical attention.

The experienced healthcare providers at Columbia Clinic Urgent Care are here to evaluate your symptoms, provide relief, and ensure there are no underlying conditions that require further treatment. If you’re concerned about abdominal pain or digestive issues, don’t hesitate to visit one of our convenient locations for expert care.

Lower abdominal pain is a common complaint we evaluate, and two frequent culprits are irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although these conditions can share similar symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort, they have important differences that affect diagnosis and treatment.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
In IBS, lower abdominal pain usually results from abnormal colon contractions or increased sensitivity in the digestive tract. Patients often describe crampy pain that comes and goes, which may improve after passing stool or gas. This pain is commonly linked with changes in bowel habits—diarrhea, constipation, or sometimes an unpredictable mix of both.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
In contrast, IBD (which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) is caused by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. The pain from IBD is often more persistent and severe, sometimes accompanied by diarrhea with blood or mucus. Unlike IBS, this pain may not improve with bowel movement and is more likely to be associated with symptoms like fever, weight loss, and fatigue.

If you are experiencing ongoing lower abdominal pain, changes in your bowel habits, or additional symptoms like fever or blood in your stool, don’t wait—visit your nearest Columbia Clinic Urgent Care location. Early evaluation can make a significant difference in your health and peace of mind. For more information, please contact us or request an appointment online. We serve patients from Tibbetts St Portland, Milwaukie OR, Oak Grove OR, Stark Street Portland, Fairview OR, Happy Valley OR, Gladstone OR, Cedar Mill OR, Tibbetts Street Portland OR, West Linn OR, Aloha OR, Tigard OR, Lake Oswego OR, Tualatin OR, Oregon City OR.